Practical Control Methods and New Techniques for Mosquito Control

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suction fan powered by electricity, batteries, or solar-power. There are many commercial

mosquito control traps on the market. The selection and application of traps and trapping

for adult mosquito control are based on the location, target species, economic, and power

supply availability.

1.6.5

Lethal Ovitrap and Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) autocidal gravid ovit-

raps (AGO) by attract-stick-killing are an inexpensive, simple-to-assemble, and easy-to-

maintain trap that targets gravid female mosquitos looking for a place to lay eggs. The

AGO trap has been successfully used by mosquito control programs for the surveillance

and control of Aedes mosquitos in several countries. Field trials in which the AGO trap

has been installed in most homes in a community have shown it not only reduces mosquito

populations but also reduces the rates of virus infection (Barrera et al. 2014).

The fertility of Ae. aegypti populations can be reduced by the use of autocidal ovipo-

sition cups, sticky pad gravid traps, and insecticide-treated oviposition cups. These tech-

niques prevent the development of mosquitos inside the trap by mechanical means or larvi-

cides/adulticides, as well as by releasing sterile, transgenic, and para-transgenic mosquitos.

In southern Puerto Rico, significant reductions in the capture of female Ae. aegypti (53-

70%) in the intervention area were observed. Placing three to four AGO traps per home

in 81% of the community prevented outbreaks of Ae. aegypti. The documents showed that

the AGO traps are useful and inexpensive surveillance and control devices for container-

inhabiting mosquitos (Barrera et al. 2014). Zhu and colleagues (2019) added BG lure and a

suction fan to the AGO traps and increased the collection and control of both host-seeking

and gravid container-inhabiting mosquitos.

1.6.6

Larvicide Traps

Usually ovitraps treated with insecticides have been used to kill larvae after egg hatch-

ing. Most of these traps are designed for the control of container-inhabiting mosquitos.

There is a new kind of larval trap on the market through the restriction of larvae in the con-

tainers after egg hatching to kill new emerged adult mosquitos (no way to get out from the

containers after emerging). This kind of trap and modified by additional sticky paper are a

simple and economic tool for the surveillance and control of Culex and Aedes mosquitos

in residential homes (Talbalaghi et al. 2020).

1.6.7

Auto-dissemination Method

Insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen has been studied for the auto-dissemination

through gravid female mosquitos for dispersion to other breeding containers or bodies of

water to control mosquitos at the larval stage. Also, IGRs and other insecticides could

be auto-disseminated by male mosquitos, acting as vehicles for dispersion (Mains et al.

2015, Brelsfoard et al. 2019). Auto-dissemination has also been documented through fecal

deposits by adult mosquitos to control larvae (Scott et al. 2017). Methoprene, another com-

monly used IGR, has also shown the function for larval control by auto-dissemination in